Engineering of benzoxazinoid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana: Metabolic and physiological challenges was written by Abramov, Aleksej;Hoffmann, Thomas;Stark, Timo D.;Zheng, Linlin;Lenk, Stefan;Hammerl, Richard;Lanzl, Tobias;Dawid, Corinna;Schoen, Chris-Carolin;Schwab, Wilfried;Gierl, Alfons;Frey, Monika. And the article was included in Phytochemistry (Elsevier) in 2021.Product Details of 1614-12-6 This article mentions the following:
Plant specialised metabolites constitute a layer of chem. defense. Classes of the defense compounds are often restricted to a certain taxon of plants, e.g. benzoxazinoids (BX) are characteristically detected in grasses. BXs confer wide-range defense by controlling herbivores and microbial pathogens and are allelopathic compounds In the crops maize, wheat and rye high concentrations of BXs are synthesized at an early developmental stage. By transfer of six Bx-genes (Bx1 to Bx5 and Bx8) it was possible to establish the biosynthesis of 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside (GDIBOA) in a concentration of up to 143 nmol/g dry weight in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results indicate that inefficient channeling of substrates along the pathway and metabolisation of intermediates in host plants might be a general drawback for transgenic establishment of specialised metabolite biosynthesis pathways. As a consequence, BX levels required for defense are not obtained in Arabidopsis. We could show that indolin-2-one (ION), the first specific intermediate, is phytotoxic and is metabolised by hydroxylation and glycosylation by a wide spectrum of plants. In Arabidopsis, metabolic stress due to the enrichment of ION leads to elevated levels of salicylic acid (SA) and in addition to its intrinsic phytotoxicity, ION affects plant morphol. indirectly via SA. We could show that Bx3 has a crucial role in the evolution of the pathway, first based on its impact on flux into the pathway and, second by C3-hydroxylation of the phytotoxic ION. Thereby BX3 interferes with a supposedly generic detoxification system towards the non-specific intermediate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6Product Details of 1614-12-6).
1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. Triazoles consist of a five-membered ring containing three nitrogen atoms and are biologically active, especially as antifungal, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitors. The presence of the three nitrogen atoms in triazole structures afforded opportunities for a plethora of structural modification with the generation of novel therapeutically potential agents, which is different from other heterocyclic compounds.Product Details of 1614-12-6
Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics