Two mechanisms provide tolerance to cyhalofop-butyl in pond lovegrass [Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin.] was written by Liu, Ying;Wang, Hao;Gao, Haitao;Zhu, Guangtao;Peng, Zhen;Li, Jun;Dong, Liyao. And the article was included in Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology in 2022.Electric Literature of C6H6N4 This article mentions the following:
Pond lovegrass [Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin.] is an annual grass weed of rice fields worldwide. Cyhalofop-Bu has been widely used for controlling annual grass weeds in rice fields. However, E. japonica is tolerant to cyhalofop-Bu. The ED values of cyhalofop-Bu for 29 E. japonica populations causing 50% inhibition of fresh weight (GR50: 130.15 to 187.61 g a.i. ha-1) were much higher than the recommended dose of cyhalofop-Bu (75 g a.i. ha-1) in the field. The mechanisms of tolerance to cyhalofop-Bu in E. japonica were identified. In vitro activity assays revealed that the cyhalofop-Bu concentration required to inhibit 50% of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) activity (IC50) was 6.22-fold higher in E. japonica than that in the cyhalofop-butyl-susceptible Chinese sprangletop [Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees]. However, mutations in the ACCase gene, previously found to endow target-site resistance in weeds, were not detected in the sequences obtained. Addnl., the expression level of genes encoding ACCase in E. japonica was found to be as similar to L. chinensis. Tolerance was reduced by two cytochrome P 450 monooxygenases (Cyt P450s) inhibitors (1-aminobenzotriazole and piperonyl butoxide) and the activity of NADPH-dependent cytochrome P 450 reductase in E. japonica was approx. 4.46-fold higher than that of L. chinensis after cyhalofop-Bu treatment. Taken together, it is concluded that two co-existing mechanisms, an insensitive target ACCase and an enhanced metabolism mediated by Cyt P450s, endow tolerance to cyhalofop-Bu in E. japonica. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6Electric Literature of C6H6N4).
1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. The triazole ring is a relatively stable functional group, and the triazole bond can be used for a variety of applications, such as replacing the phosphate backbone of DNA. Triazole growth retardants such as uniconazole and paclobutrazol have been known to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins by blocking kaurene oxidase, an P450 enzymeElectric Literature of C6H6N4
Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics