Triazoles

Solvent-induced secondary building unit (SBU) variations in a series of Cu(II) metal-organic frameworks derived from a bifunctional ligand was written by Chen, Di-Ming;Ma, Jian-Gong;Cheng, Peng. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2015.Application of 157069-48-2 This article mentions the following:

The role of auxiliary solvents in the formation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been studied for a series of copper-based framework systems. Herein the authors show the formation of three different 3D ordered frameworks with the formulas {[Cu₄(cpt)₄Cl₄]·2DMF·dioxane·3H₂O}_n (1), {[Cu₈(cpt)₄(Hcpt)₂Cl₇(μ₃-OH)₂(H₂O)₄]Cl₃·4CH₃CN}_n (2), and {[Cu₈(cpt)₄Cl₄(μ₃-OH)₂(μ₄-O)₂]Cl₂·4H₂O·2CH₃CN·3MeOH}_n (3) [Hcpt = 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole], resp., from the same reaction mixture through varying auxiliary solvents of the medium. These MOFs were fully characterized by single-crystal x-ray diffraction, showing interesting secondary building unit (SBU) variations. The varied SBUs not only bring different framework architectures to these MOFs, but also affect their framework stability. Gas sorption studies of MOF 3 reveal high CO₂-N₂ selectivity at 298 K and 0.16 bar (a typical partial pressure of CO₂ in an industrial flue gas). A high isosteric heat of adsorption (Q_st) at zero loading (53 kJ mol^-1) was also observed in MOF 3. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl)benzoic acid (cas: 157069-48-2Application of 157069-48-2).

4-(4H-1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl)benzoic acid (cas: 157069-48-2) belongs to triazole derivatives. Among the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, triazoles emerge with superior pharmacological applications.Triazole heterocyclic structures are found to form many weak nonbond interactions with the receptors and enzymes in biological systems.Application of 157069-48-2

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

4-Cyclopropyl-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole and Ethyl 1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate was written by Boechat, Nubia;Carvalho, Alcione S.;Quaresma, Bruna M. C. S.;Wardell, James L.;Wardell, Solange M. S. V.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Crystallography in 2016.Application of 40594-98-7 This article mentions the following:

The crystal structures of 4-cyclopropyl-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (I) and Et 1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate (II) were reported. The two mols. were non-planar as indicated by the dihedral angles between the heteroaryl rings of 53.94 (7)° in I (R = cyclopropyl) and 70.68 (12)° in I (R = EtOCO). Considerable delocalization of π-electron d. within the triazole ring was indicated by the pattern of bond distances in I. By contrast to I, localization of π-electron d. within the triazole ring in II was apparent. In both mols., the nitro group took part in N-O···π(imidazole) interactions. Compound I crystallized in the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁ with a = 7.8053(3) Å, b = 8.5264(3) Å, c = 15.7343(11) Å and Z = 4. Compound II crystallized in the monoclinic space group, P2₁/c with a = 5.2740(4) Å, b = 8.9695(5) Å, c = 26.0080(18) Å, β = 92.622(2)° and Z = 4. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 1H-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxylate (cas: 40594-98-7Application of 40594-98-7).

Ethyl 1H-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxylate (cas: 40594-98-7) belongs to triazole derivatives. However, triazoles are also useful in bioorthogonal chemistry, because the large number of nitrogen atoms causes triazoles to react similar to azides. 1,2,3-Triazoles are usually prepared following (3+2) cycloaddition protocols. A common technique for unsubstituted triazoles is the Huisgen azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition: a azide and an alkyne react at high temperature to form a ring. However, the Huisgen strategy produces a mixture of isomers (typically 1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted) when used to produce substituted triazoles.Application of 40594-98-7

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) resistance to indaziflam applied early-postemergence was written by Brosnan, James T.;Vargas, Jose J.;Spesard, Bruce;Netzband, Derek;Zobel, John M.;Chen, Jinyi;Patterson, Eric L.. And the article was included in Pest Management Science in 2020.Category: triazoles This article mentions the following:

BACKGROUND : Indaziflam is an alkylazine herbicide used to control annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.). Several locations in the southeastern USA reported poor annual bluegrass control following treatment with indaziflam during autumn 2015. A series of controlled environment experiments were conducted to confirm putative resistance to indaziflam in annual bluegrass collected from these field locations. RESULTS : Indaziflam (25 g ha^-1) effectively controlled all putative-resistant annual bluegrass collections when applied preemergence (PRE), but was ineffective when applied early-postemergence (< 2.5 cm plant height; BBCH scale = 1; EPOST). Indaziflam content in herbicide-susceptible annual bluegrass was greater than a resistant collection from 0 to 10 days after treatment (DAT). Susceptibility was not restored when resistant collections were treated with indaziflam plus 1-aminobenzotriazole (10 mg L^-1), tebuconazole (1510 g ha^-1), or malathion (400 g ha^-1). CONCLUSIONS : This is a first report of resistance to indaziflam in any plant. Addnl., we confirm that these annual bluegrass collections are resistant to several other herbicidal modes-of-action. It is unclear if this multi-herbicide resistance is due to a single resistance gene, multiple resistance genes, non-target site mechanisms, or a combination thereof. Addnl. research to better understand resistance mechanisms in these annual bluegrass collections is warranted. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6Category: triazoles).

1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. Triazoles are important five-member nitrogen heterocycles involved in a wide range of industrial applications such as agrochemicals, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, optical brighteners, as well as biologically active agents. Due to the structural characteristics, both 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles are able to accommodate a broad range of substituents (electrophiles and nucleophiles) around the core structures and pave the way for the construction of diverse novel bioactive molecules.Category: triazoles

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Establishment of a mouse model for amiodarone-induced liver injury and analyses of its hepatotoxic mechanism was written by Takai, Shohei;Oda, Shingo;Tsuneyama, Koichi;Fukami, Tatsuki;Nakajima, Miki;Yokoi, Tsuyoshi. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Toxicology in 2016.Computed Properties of C6H6N4 This article mentions the following:

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the most frequent cause of post-marketing warnings and withdrawals. Amiodarone (AMD), an antiarrhythmic, presents a risk of liver injury in humans, and its metabolites, formed by cytochrome P 450 3A4, are likely more toxic to hepatocytes than AMD is. However, it remains to be clarified whether the metabolic activation of AMD is involved in liver injury in vivo. In this study, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of AMD-induced liver injury, mice were administered AMD [1000 mg kg^-1, per os (p.o.)] after pretreatment with dexamethasone [DEX, 60 mg kg^-1, i.p. (i.p.)], which induces P 450 expression, once daily for 3 days. The plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly increased by AMD administration in the DEX-pretreated mice, and the liver concentrations of desethylamiodarone (DEA), a major metabolite of AMD, were correlated with the changes in the plasma ALT levels. Cytochrome c release into the hepatic cytosol and triglyceride levels in the plasma were increased in DEX plus AMD-administered mice. Furthermore, the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione disulfide in the liver significantly decreased in the DEX plus AMD-administered mice. The increase of ALT levels was suppressed by treatment with gadolinium chloride (GdCl₃), which is an inhibitor of Kupffer cell function. From these results, it is suggested that AMD and/or DEA contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD-induced liver injury by producing mitochondrial and oxidative stress and Kupffer cell activation. This study proposes the mechanisms of AMD-induced liver injury using an in vivo mouse model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6Computed Properties of C6H6N4).

1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. However, triazoles are also useful in bioorthogonal chemistry, because the large number of nitrogen atoms causes triazoles to react similar to azides. Triazole growth retardants such as uniconazole and paclobutrazol have been known to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins by blocking kaurene oxidase, an P450 enzymeComputed Properties of C6H6N4

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Contributions of enzymes and gut microbes to biotransformation of perfluorooctane sulfonamide in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) was written by Zhao, Shuyan;Wang, Bohui;Zhong, Zhe;Liu, Tianqi;Liang, Tiankun;Zhan, Jingjing. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2020.COA of Formula: C6H6N4 This article mentions the following:

Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) is known as a key intermediate of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) precursors, which can be frequently delected in the environment and biota. FOSA could be bioaccumulated in earthworms from soil, but the contributions of enzymes and gut microbes involved in the biotransformation of FOSA in earthworms have not been identified. Therefore, the elects of enzyme inhibitors and intestinal microflora on biotransformation of FOSA in earthworms were investigated in the present study. FOSA was biotransformed to form PFOS by earthworms obtained from in vivo and in vitro tests. The addition of FOSA had significantly pos. elects on cytolchrome P 450 (CYP450) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activities, suggesting CYP450 and GST are likely involved in the enzymic transformation. In addition, both 1-Aminobenzotriazole (ABT) and ezatiostat hydrochloride (TLK199), which were selected to inhibit the CYP and GST enzymes, resp., demonstrated inhibition elects on biotransformation of FOSA in earthworms with a dose-dependent relationship. However, the concentrations of FOSA weren’t changed by the bacteria isolated from worm gut, suggesting that gut bacteria did not contribute to FOSA biotransformation in earthworms. The results of this study confirm that the transformation of FOSA in earthworms is mediated mainly by enzymes rather than by gut microbes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6COA of Formula: C6H6N4).

1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. Many triazoles are versatile, biologically active compounds commonly used as fungicides and plant retardants. The presence of the three nitrogen atoms in triazole structures afforded opportunities for a plethora of structural modification with the generation of novel therapeutically potential agents, which is different from other heterocyclic compounds.COA of Formula: C6H6N4

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A cell-based assay using HepaRG cells for predicting drug-induced phospholipidosis was written by Tomida, Takafumi;Ishimura, Masakazu;Iwaki, Masahiro. And the article was included in Journal of Toxicological Sciences in 2017.Product Details of 1614-12-6 This article mentions the following:

The utility of HepaRG cells as an in vitro cell-based assay system for predicting drug-induced phospholipidosis (PLD) was investigated. In experiment 1, 10 PLD-pos. compounds and 11 PLD-neg. compounds were selected. HepaRG cells were treated with each compound for 48 h. In experiment 2, loratadine and desloratadine, a major metabolite of loratadine, were used to assess metabolic activation for PLD. HepaRG cells were treated with loratadine and desloratadine in the presence or absence of 500μM 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), a broad CYP inhibitor, for 48 h. After treatment with compounds in experiments 1 and 2, the relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) was measured using LYSO-ID Red dye to assess the PLD induction. In experiment 1, our cell-based assay system using HepaRG cells exhibited 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for predicting drug-induced PLD. In experiment 2, loratadine increased the RFI in the PLD assay. However, the increase in the RFI was not observed in co-treatment with loratadine and ABT. In addition, desloratadine increased the RFI in the presence and absence of ABT. These results suggested that metabolic activation of loratadine may contribute to PLD in HepaRG cells. We newly demonstrated that HepaRG cells have a high ability for predicting drug-induced PLD. In addition, we newly showed that HepaRG cells may predict drug-induced PLD mediated by metabolic activation of loratadine. Thus, a cell-based assay system using HepaRG cells is a useful model for predicting drug-induced PLD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6Product Details of 1614-12-6).

1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. Triazoles consist of a five-membered ring containing three nitrogen atoms and are biologically active, especially as antifungal, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitors.Triazole heterocyclic structures are found to form many weak nonbond interactions with the receptors and enzymes in biological systems.Product Details of 1614-12-6

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Therapeutic potential of fosmanogepix (APX001) for intraabdominal candidiasis: from lesion penetration to efficacy in a mouse model was written by Lee, Annie;Wang, Ning;Carter, Claire l.;Zimmerman, Matthew;Dartois, Veronique;Shaw, Karen joy;Perlin, David s.;Zhao, Yanan. And the article was included in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in 2021.Category: triazoles This article mentions the following:

Intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) is one of the most common yet underappreciated forms of invasive candidiasis. IAC is difficult to treat, and therapeutic failure and drug-resistant breakthrough infections are common in some institutions despite the use of echinocandins as first-line agents. Fosmanogepix (FMGX, formerly APX001) is a first-in-class antifungal prodrug that can be administered both i.v. and orally. FMGX is currently in phase 2 clin. development for the treatment of life-threatening invasive fungal infections. To explore the pharmacol. properties and therapeutic potential of FMGX for IAC, we evaluated both drug penetration and efficacy of the active moiety manogepix (MGX, formerly APX001A) in liver tissues in a clin. relevant IAC mouse model infected with Candida albicans. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and laser capture microdissection (LCM)-directed absolute drug quantitation were employed to evaluate drug penetration into liver abscess lesions both spatially and quant. The partitioning of MGX into lesions occurred slowly after a single dose; however, robust accumulation in the lesion was achieved after 3 days of repeated dosing. Associated with this drug penetration pattern, reduction in fungal burden and clearance in the liver were observed in mice receiving the multiday FMGX regimen. In comparison, administration of micafungin resulted in marginal reduction in fungal burden at the end of 4 days of treatment. These results suggest that FMGX is a promising candidate for the treatment of IAC. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6Category: triazoles).

1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. Among the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, triazoles emerge with superior pharmacological applications. Triazoles are compounds with a vast spectrum of applications, varying from materials (polymers), agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, photoactive chemicals and dyes.Category: triazoles

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of 1H-1,2,3-triazole was written by Deng, Yong;Shen, Yi;Zhong, Yuguo. And the article was included in Huaxi Yaoxue Zazhi in 2001.HPLC of Formula: 4546-95-6 This article mentions the following:

1H-1,2,3-Triazole was synthesized by diazotization 1,2-phenylenediamine NaNO₂ in CH₃COOH to obtain benzotriazole, oxidization with KMnO₄ to obtain 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, further decarboxylation in the presence of Cu powder. The product was identified by ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, and MS. The total yield was about 42.0%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (cas: 4546-95-6HPLC of Formula: 4546-95-6).

1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (cas: 4546-95-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. Many triazoles are versatile, biologically active compounds commonly used as fungicides and plant retardants.Triazole heterocyclic structures are found to form many weak nonbond interactions with the receptors and enzymes in biological systems.HPLC of Formula: 4546-95-6

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mechanism of free radical generation in platelets and primary hepatocytes: a novel electron spin resonance study was written by Wang, Chiun-Lang;Yang, Po-Sheng;Tsao, Jeng-Ting;Jayakumar, Thanasekaran;Wang, Meng-Jiy;Sheu, Joen-Rong;Chou, Duen-Suey. And the article was included in Molecular Medicine Reports in 2018.Application of 1614-12-6 This article mentions the following:

Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of toxic liver injury and are thought to be involved in cardiac dysfunction in the cirrhotic heart. Therefore, direct evidence for the ESR (ESR) detection of how D-galactosamine (GalN), an established exptl. hepatotoxic substance, induced free radicals formation in platelets and primary hepatocytes is presented in the present study. ESR results demonstrated that GalN induced hydroxyl radicals (OH•) in a resting human platelet suspension; however, radicals were not produced in a cell free Fenton reaction system. The GalN-induced OH• formation was significantly inhibited by the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethasin, though it was not affected by the lipoxygenase (LOX) or cytochrome P 450 inhibitors, AA861 and 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), in platelets. In addition, the present study demonstrated that baicalein induced semiquinone free radicals in platelets, which were significantly reduced by the COX inhibitor without affecting the formed OH•. In the mouse primary hepatocytes, the formation of arachidonic acid (AA) induced carbon-centered radicals that were concentration dependently enhanced by GalN. These radicals were inhibited by AA861, though not affected by indomethasin or ABT. In addition, GalN did not induce platelet aggregation prior to or following collagen pretreatment in human platelets. The results of the present study indicated that GalN and baicalein may induce OH• by COX and LOX in human platelets. GalN also potentiated AA induced carbon-centered radicals in hepatocytes via cytochrome P 450. The present study presented the role of free radicals in the pathophysiol. association between platelets and hepatocytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6Application of 1614-12-6).

1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. Among the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, triazoles emerge with superior pharmacological applications. Both the triazoles and their derivatives have significant biological properties including antimicrobial, antiviral, antitubercular, anticancer, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant activities.Application of 1614-12-6

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

One-pot microwave-assisted solvent free synthesis of simple alkyl 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylates by using trimethylsilyl azide was written by Taherpour, Avat Arman;Kheradmand, Khojasteh. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2009.COA of Formula: C5H7N3O2 This article mentions the following:

A fast one-pot microwave-assisted solvent-free synthesis of simple alkyl 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate derivatives I (R¹ = H, CO₂Me; R² = CO₂Me, CO₂Et) by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of trimethylsilyl azide (Me₃Si-N₃) with alkyl propiolates or DMAD in high yields is described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 1H-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxylate (cas: 40594-98-7COA of Formula: C5H7N3O2).

Ethyl 1H-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxylate (cas: 40594-98-7) belongs to triazole derivatives. Triazoles exhibit substantial isomerism, depending on the positioning of the nitrogen atoms within the ring. The presence of the three nitrogen atoms in triazole structures afforded opportunities for a plethora of structural modification with the generation of novel therapeutically potential agents, which is different from other heterocyclic compounds.COA of Formula: C5H7N3O2

Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics