CYP450-mediated mitochondrial ROS production involved in arecoline N-oxide-induced oxidative damage in liver cell lines was written by Wang, Tsu-Shing;Lin, Cheng-Ping;Chen, Yu-Pong;Chao, Mu-Rong;Li, Chien-Chun;Liu, Kai-Li. And the article was included in Environmental Toxicology in 2018.Application In Synthesis of 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine This article mentions the following:
IARC has classified the betel nut as a human environmental carcinogen. Previous studies have found that arecoline (AR) is the major alkaloid present in the saliva of betel quid chewers. Saliva contains a large content of AR which has been further shown to cause mutation of oral mucosa cells, resulting in oral cancer. Whereas, to date, there are only few studies reported the hepatotoxicity associated with arecoline and betel nut chewing. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effects of AR and its oxidative metabolite, arecoline N-oxide (ARNO), in normal liver cell lines. The cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects were detected by crystal violet staining, alk. comet assay, and Salmonella mutagenicity test, resp. Antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine, Trolox, and penicillamine, strongly protected liver cells from ARNO-induced DNA damage and ROS production Furthermore, co-treatment with Mito-TEMPO also effectively blocked ARNO-induced ROS production in liver cells. Besides antioxidants, co-treatment with 1-aminobenzotriazole and methimazole nearly completely suppressed ARNO-induced ROS production in liver cells. Our data suggest that arecoline ingested from the habit of chewing betel quid can be primarily oxidized to ARNO, thereby enhancing its toxicity through increased ROS production Collectively, our results provide novel cellular evidence for the pos. connection between habitual betel quid chewing and the risk for liver damage. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6Application In Synthesis of 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine).
1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. Triazoles are important five-member nitrogen heterocycles involved in a wide range of industrial applications such as agrochemicals, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, optical brighteners, as well as biologically active agents. The presence of the three nitrogen atoms in triazole structures afforded opportunities for a plethora of structural modification with the generation of novel therapeutically potential agents, which is different from other heterocyclic compounds.Application In Synthesis of 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine
Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics