Physiological basis for isoxadifen-ethyl induction of nicosulfuron detoxification in maize hybrids was written by Sun, Lanlan;Wu, Renhai;Su, Wangcang;Gao, Zenggui;Lu, Chuantao. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2017.COA of Formula: C6H6N4 This article mentions the following:
Isoxadifen-Et can effectively alleviate nicosulfuron injury in the maize. However, the effects of safener isoxadifen-Et on detoxifying enzymes in maize is unknown. The individual and combined effects of the sulfonylurea herbicide nicosulfuron and the safener isoxadifen- Et on the growth and selected physiol. processes of maize were evaluated. Bioassays showed that the EC50 values of nicosulfuron and nicosulfuron plus isoxadifenethyl for maize cultivar Zhengdan958 were 18.87 and 249.28 mg kg-1, resp., and were 24.8 and 275.51 mg kg-1, resp., for Zhenghuangnuo Number 2 cultivar. Evaluations of the target enzyme of acetolactate synthase showed that the I50 values of nicosulfuron and nicosulfuron plus isoxadifen-Et for the ALS of Zhengdan958 were 15.46 and 28.56 μ mol L-1, resp., and were 0.57 and 2.17 μ mol L-1, resp., for the acetolactate synthase of Zhenghuangnuo Number 2. The safener isoxadifen-Et significantly enhanced tolerance of maize to nicosulfuron. The enhanced tolerance of maize to nicosulfuron in the presence of the safener, coupled with the enhanced injury observed in the presence of piperonyl butoxide, 1-aminobenzotriazole, and malathion, suggested cytochrome P 450 monooxygenases may be involved in metabolism of nicosulfuron. We proposed that isoxadifen- Et increases plant metabolism of nicosulfuron through non-P 450-catalyzed routes or through P 450 monooxygenases not inhibited by piperonyl butoxide, 1-aminobenzotriazole, and malathion. Isoxadifen-Et, at a rate of 33 mg kg-1, completely reversed the effects of all doses (37.5-300 mg kg-1) of nicosulfuron on both of the maize cultivars. When the two compounds were given simultaneously, isoxadifen-Et enhanced activity of glutathione Stransferases (GSTs) and acetolactate synthase activity in maize. The free acid 4,5-dihydro- 5,5-diphenyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic was equally effective at inducing GSTs as the parent ester and appeared to be the active safener. GST induction in the maize Zhenghuangnuo Number 2 was faster than in Zhengdan 958. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6COA of Formula: C6H6N4).
1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-amine (cas: 1614-12-6) belongs to triazole derivatives. Many triazoles are versatile, biologically active compounds commonly used as fungicides and plant retardants. Many triazoles have antifungal effects: the triazole antifungal drugs include fluconazole, isavuconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, pramiconazole, ravuconazole, and posaconazole and triazole plant-protection fungicides include epoxiconazole, triadimenol, myclobutanil, propiconazole, prothioconazole, metconazole, cyproconazole, tebuconazole, flusilazole and paclobutrazol.COA of Formula: C6H6N4
Referemce:
1,2,3-Triazole – Wikipedia,
Triazoles – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics